Unit 2 — Introduction to Refrigerants & Handling Practices
Section 1 — Refrigerants, Gases and Oils
1.5 Refrigerant & Refrigerant Oil
Conversion procedures, storage requirements, and transport regulations for
refrigerants, gases, and oils.
1.5.1 — Refrigerant and Oil Conversion Procedures
Converting a system from one refrigerant to another — or from one oil type to
another — requires careful planning and adherence to manufacturer recommendations
and regulatory requirements. Skipping any step can result in system failure,
refrigerant contamination, or non-compliance with regulations.
⚠️
Before You Begin Any Conversion
Always consult the equipment manufacturer's conversion guide and verify that the
replacement refrigerant and oil are approved for the specific compressor model,
pressure ratings, and component materials in the system. Unauthorized substitutions
may void warranties and violate regulations.
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Verify compatibility. Confirm that all system components
are compatible with the new refrigerant and oil — including valves, seals,
expansion devices, and rating plates.
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Recover the existing charge. Recover and properly handle
the existing refrigerant and oil according to applicable regulations. Record
the recovered quantity.
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Flush or clean if required. Flush or clean piping and
components to remove incompatible oil residues or contaminants if the new
refrigerant requires a different oil type.
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Install new components. Replace filter driers and any
expansion devices or controls required to be compatible with the new
refrigerant.
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Evacuate and leak-test. Evacuate the converted system and
perform a leak test before introducing the new refrigerant. Charge using
methods recommended by the equipment and refrigerant manufacturers.
Check Before Converting
- Compressor oil compatibility
- Seal and gasket materials
- Expansion device type and rating
- Rating plate pressure limits
- Control and safety device settings
Document After Converting
- New refrigerant type and charge mass
- New oil type and quantity
- Components replaced
- Recovery cylinder ID and recovered amount
- Technician certification and date
1.5.2 — Storage and Transport of Refrigerants, Gases and Oils
Proper storage and transport practices protect workers, the public, and the
environment — and are legally mandated under federal and provincial regulations.
Non-compliance can result in fines, permit suspension, or criminal liability.
- Cylinders must be stored upright and secured from tipping at all times.
- Protect from heat, physical damage, and direct sunlight.
- Storage areas must be well-ventilated and away from ignition sources, exits, and occupied spaces.
- Cylinders must be clearly labeled with contents, hazard classification, and all required regulatory markings.
- Valve protection caps must be in place whenever cylinders are not in active use or during transport.
- Never transport cylinders with regulators or gauges attached.
- All refrigerant oils — especially hygroscopic types such as POE and PAG — must be stored in sealed containers.
- Minimize exposure to ambient air to prevent moisture absorption and contamination.
- Store in a cool, dry location away from refrigerants and chemicals that could react with the oil.
TDG requirements apply to many refrigerants and compressed gases. Technicians
who transport these materials must comply with all applicable federal and provincial
TDG regulations.
- Shipping documentation must identify the material, hazard class, quantity, and emergency contact information.
- Vehicle placards must be displayed as required for the quantity and class of dangerous goods being transported.
- Drivers must hold the appropriate TDG training certification for the materials being transported.
- Cylinders must be secured against movement and tipping during transit.
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Apprentice Responsibility
Even as an apprentice, you are responsible for knowing whether the materials
in your vehicle require TDG compliance. When in doubt, ask your supervisor before
loading cylinders or gases into any vehicle. Ignorance of the regulations is not
accepted as a defence in the event of an incident.
1.5.3 — Section 1 Summary
Section 1 has covered the foundational knowledge required to work safely and
effectively with refrigerants, gases, and oils. Keep the following key principles
in mind as you move forward in your training and on the job:
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Know Your Materials
Always identify the refrigerant type, oil type, and gas before connecting
equipment or opening any system. Consult the SDS and system documentation.
♻️
Never Vent
Venting refrigerant to the atmosphere is illegal in Canada. Always recover,
recycle, or reclaim refrigerant using approved equipment and procedures.
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Control Moisture
Hygroscopic oils and open systems are vulnerable to moisture contamination.
Work quickly, keep containers sealed, and always evacuate properly.
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Store and Transport Safely
Follow TDG, workplace safety, and manufacturer requirements for all cylinders
and chemical containers — in the shop, on site, and in your vehicle.