General Learning Outcomes

Upon completion, apprentices will be able to:

• Define key terms (refrigerant, GWP/ODP, recovery/recycling/reclamation) and classify refrigerants per ASHRAE 34 (A1, A2L, etc.).
• Identify hazards (frostbite, asphyxiation, flammability) and apply safe practices, PPE, and LOTO procedures.
• Explain Canadian regulations covering ODS/halocarbons, TDG, 2026 phase-downs, and leak rules for systems above 10 kg.
• Describe refrigerant types — HCFCs, HFCs phasing out, HFOs/A2L, and natural refrigerants such as R-744 — as well as blends and secondary fluids.
• Outline recovery methods (liquid, push-pull, vapour) and associated tools (scales, manifolds, recovery units).
• List HVAC gases, their uses, and safety requirements — for example, nitrogen purging and helium leak tests.
• Select and discuss refrigerant oils (mineral oil, POE, PAG) for compatibility, handling, and storage.
• Perform conversions, flushing, evacuation, and comply with storage and transport regulations.

Unit Overview

Unit 2: Introduction to Refrigerants & Handling Practices equips apprentices with essential knowledge on the fluids and lubricants used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems. It emphasizes safe practices, applicable regulations, and environmental responsibility — particularly in light of the 2026 HFC phase-downs requiring GWP below 750 for new residential equipment.

The five sections of this unit build progressively:

• Section 1: Core terminology, hazards, codes, and refrigerant classifications.
• Section 2: Refrigerant types (CFCs to HFOs) and recovery methods and tools.
• Section 3: HVAC gases — nitrogen, acetylene, and others.
• Section 4: Oils and lubricants — POE, PAG, vacuum pump oil, and others.
• Section 5: Conversions, flushing, storage, and transport requirements.

Section 1 — Lessons at a Glance

Section 1 builds from core terminology and hazard awareness through refrigerant classification, the gases used alongside refrigerants, oil and lubricant selection, and the practical procedures for handling, storing, and transporting these substances. Lessons 1.01 and 1.05 provide the framework; the middle lessons develop depth in each substance category.